Arterial thrombosis is a condition where a blood clot, or thrombus, forms within an artery, potentially leading to life-threatening complications. Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body's organs and tissues. When a thrombus forms in an artery, it can obstruct blood flow, depriving tissues of oxygen and essential nutrients, and causing severe damage. Arterial thrombosis is most commonly associated with conditions such as atherosclerosis, where plaque buildup narrows the arteries, increasing the risk of blood clots. High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, and sedentary lifestyles also elevate the risk of developing arterial thrombosis.

This condition often manifests suddenly with symptoms depending on the location of the clot. For example, a thrombus in the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack, causing chest pain and shortness of breath. In cerebral arteries, it may result in a stroke, causing weakness, confusion, or speech issues. Treatment generally focuses on restoring blood flow and may involve medications like anticoagulants or thrombolytics, as well as surgical interventions if necessary. Prevention includes managing underlying risk factors through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular monitoring, especially for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.